Labrador
Retriever History
As
far back as the 17th century, water dogs were used by
fishermen and hunters in Canada. These were called Newfoundland,
Labrador (Greenland was once called Labrador) or St.
John's Dogs, depending on their geographic location.
These early dogs were moderate in size, had curled coats,
carried the genetic factor to produce spotting, and tended
to a high tail. Not much formal breeding was attempted,
but from these eventually stemmed the modern Newfoundland
and Landseer, as well as the Labrador, Flat-Coat and
Chesapeake Bay Retrievers. Throughout the world, fishing
vessels, trading ships and exploratory expeditions provided
continuous traffic. Most ships had dogs on board, and
the crossing of various imported types with the native
population of dogs was well documented. By 1800, these
retrieving dogs were being sold into England by ships
plying from
the Canadian coast. But, later that century, a heavy
dog tax caused a great reduction in the breed in Canada
and, more importantly, the creation of the English quarantine
laws essentially stopped further importation. Thus, although
the root stock came from Canada, the modern development
of the breed occurred in England.
Early
Labs sported a large variety of types and colors, including
spotted and brindle. The Flat-Coat was enjoying great
favor during the 19th century, and the Labrador was not
granted Kennel Club recognition until after the turn
of the century. But, once he came to prominence, he stayed
on top. Labs are now in the first five breeds in both
England and America and maintain their popularity as
duck dogs par excellence. In American retriever field
trials, the Labrador dominates to the point of exclusion.
He enjoys a sterling reputation as an upland bird flusher,
companion, drug detector, obedience competitor and guide
dog for the blind. In fact, Labs are used more than any
other breed in assisting the blind. Their low maintenance
coat, intelligence, size and temperament make them an
ideal guide dog. They need to be physically sound, calm,
confident, adaptable and willing to work.
The
short, easy-care coat and docile temperament make the
Lab a favorite pet, who can—year round—run
with the kids, catch a flying disc in the park, join
the family by the fire, and still double as a hunting
companion. Because of his fairly large size and his designated
lifestyle as an active, athletic dog, soundness is of
prime importance.
The
ideal Lab is described as slightly longer than tall,
with a robust, muscular build. His distinctive "otter" tail
is covered by short, thick hair; he should never show
any fringe on the underside of the tail! The double coat
is quite waterproof, requiring frequent brushing only
during the spring shedding season.
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